1. Single-entity electrochemical analysis and imaging: including studies on the electrochemical reaction processes at individual particles, plasmon enhanced electrochemistry, and single-particle scanning electrochemical imaging.
2. High-sensitivity bio-detection based on single-entity collision electrochemistry: including the analysis of small molecules, biomolecules, and single cells.
3. Fluidized electrochemistry: including the development of stable and efficient fluidized electrocatalysis, as well as efficient fluidized electrochemical synthesis and exfoliation systems.
4. Construction of combinatorial analysis, sensing and screening platforms based on micro/nano patterning techniques: including standardized single-cell arrays, nanoparticle arrays with various gradients, and patterned platforms incorporating multiple materials.